# print first column (cf. cut -f 1)
awk '{print $1}' < datafile

# print first and last column
awk '{print $1 " " $NF}' < datafile

# compute sum of values in column 2
awk '{sum += $2} END{print sum}' < datafile

# add values in columns 2,3,4 
awk '{print $1 " " $3+$4+$5}' < datafile

# compute total for all columns in each line
awk '{sum=0; for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){sum+=$i}; print sum}' < datafile